Thursday, November 1, 2007

Photos: Referral Day and One Year Later

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This photo of Lydia, one of three referral photos that we received of her, was taken when she was approximately six months of age. (In Lydia's eyes, you can see two white dots called catchlights to indicate that the photographer used two umbrellas to light her for this picture.)
Some time near July 2006
Fengcheng Orphanage; Fengcheng, Jiangxi Province, China
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Lydia (21 months of age)
October 26, 2007
Living room of our home
Photographer: SiowFong


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Lydia (21 months of age)
October 26, 2007
Living room of our home
Photographer: SiowFong
Photo notes: For these two recent home pictures of Lydia, SiowFong is using a tripod-mounted camera that was located about 3 to 4 feet away from Lydia, who was sitting on a one-foot high wooden box. The red background in these images was simply the back of the red sofa in the living room, which was two feet behind Lydia, as SiowFong wanted a red backdrop that was similar in color to the one found in Lydia's referral photo.
To the right of the camera (which is to Lydia's left) is a portable, collapsible Bogen 3373 lightstand that is also 3 feet away from Lydia. Mounted on this lightstand is a 42 inch white convertible Westcott umbrella that is about 4 feet high and aimed downward at Lydia so that the attached Nikon SB-800 flash, the only light source, could disperse its light through the white material of the umbrella, which softened the light before it reached Lydia. Because umbrellas generously spill the illumination not only on the subject but also on the subject's surroundings, this one light source was adequate to light the back of the red sofa too.
To ensure that the flash would recharge fully within one second to keep up with SiowFong's fast index finger on the camera's shutter button, an external battery was connected to it. In an eleven minute span, SiowFong took nearly 50 pictures of Lydia, and after eliminating the obviously flawed ones by looking at all of them via the camera's LCD screen, she winnowed that number down to 37. After downloading those 37 to the laptop, she scrutinized them closely and finally selected these two for the blog.

Referral Day and One Year Later

November 2, 2007


Referral Day, One Year Later

(While Tom writes most of the updates, SiowFong occasionally contributes a special article, such as the following, to Lydia’s blog.)


“Congratulations! You have a girl. She is from the Jiangxi province.” That was Referral Day, November 2nd 2006. A year has gone by since we first saw Lydia’s precious little face.

I still remember that day. That Thursday morning, when I read from the Rumor Queen Adoption website that referrals were coming in, I could not contain myself. We were in Tucson, Arizona where Thomas was attending his medical conference on pediatric care. I immediately called New Hope, our adoption agency in Seattle, if they had received any referral news. I was getting impatient as other US agencies were already receiving referral packages from China, and yet New Hope had not received anything. I called again at noon, before going to pick up Thomas from his conference. No news yet, they said. They asked me to call again at 3 pm (PST) as the last mail delivery arrived at around 2 pm. We were on our way to the West Saguaro National Park when our cell phone rang at 2:45 pm (PST). Thomas and I looked at each other and I said, “New Hope!” No one has our cell phone number except New Hope. Thomas answered the phone and was informed of the long, much awaited news: Feng Zhen Er is our new daughter. The long wait was almost over. We started our adoption process on January 2005, with our dossier locked-in date (LID) on August 14th, 2005 (this is the date that the Chinese Center for Adoption Affairs logged in our paperwork). The day had finally arrived when we saw a picture of our precious little Zhen Er (Precious Child).

The fact that we both received the news together was a miracle in itself. Since both of us worked, the chances of us receiving the referral news together on a week day would seem impossible. But all things are possible with God! I had wished all along that somehow we could receive the news together. God made it happen that we were vacationing in Arizona when the news arrived.

We received Lydia on Jan 4th 2007. We cannot imagine our life without her now, our precious little gem. She has brought so much joy to our hearts that we continually thank God for sending her to us. We pray that we can be godly parents to Lydia and raise her to be a God-fearing child.

To the birth mother: Thank you for delivering Lydia to this world.

To God: Thank you for choosing us to be Lydia’s forever-parents.

Wednesday, October 31, 2007

Photos: Jiangxi Girls

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Mina Rothaus (2 years and 8 months of age)

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Lydia (21 months of age)


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Leila Bhagwandin (who is clutching her mother's coat; 21 months of age)


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Chelsya Cochran (21 months of age)
Note: All of these pictures were taken on October 27, 2007 at the Old Country Buffet restaurant in Shoreline, WA.

Location Photography Tips

October 28, 2007

Location Photography Tips

Fall is arguably the best season of the year for outdoor portraits not only because of the vivid colors of the landscapes that are dominated by the yellows, oranges, and reds of the leaves of hardwood trees but also because of more days with partly or mostly cloudy skies. For those who live in the New England states, particularly Maine (Acadia National Park) and Vermont, and in some of the mid-Atlantic states, particularly North Carolina (Great Smoky Mountains), Tennessee (Great Smoky Mountains), Virginia (Blue Ridge Parkway), and West Virginia, finding a suitable location is easy because of the prevalence of fall foliage in these areas, but for residents of other states, finding fall colors can be a challenge.

Mark Cleghorn, an accomplished professional portrait photographer in the United Kingdom, has this advice concerning location photography in his book, Portrait Photography: Secrets of Posing and Lighting (Lark Books: 2004. pages 113-114):

“The secret of successful location photography is to keep things simple.

Once you have found your location, get to know it: see how the light changes at different times of the day, and explore the different areas in which you can pose your subject.

If you are new to a location, it is a good idea to visit the place several times before the photo session. In this way, you can see the different qualities of lighting you may encounter, and find out if there are any potential drawbacks such as other people, heavy traffic, or even other photographers – especially if you are photographing in public places.

I usually choose three different areas within the location in order to be able to get a variety of shots. This also stimulates the subjects (especially children, who have a low boredom threshold), and keeps their expressions fresh.

Never be afraid to leave space around the subject, as location photography is about far more than simply making a portrait of an individual. The secret to using any location is to balance the environment with the clothing and subject type: a child dressed in his or her best clothes photographed in front of a large building, for example, will give a suggestion of class and wealth; photograph the same child in the same clothes in an industrial setting, and the result will be rather more surreal.”

Photos: Lydia and Rothaus' Kids

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Lydia is sitting on Colton Rothaus' lap.
Both Colton, and Taylor, his sister, have always been very patient and gentle with Lydia whenever they have played together.

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Lydia (with her overly zealous smile) and Taylor Rothaus

Both Colton and Taylor are wonderful to Mina, their adopted Chinese sister.


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(left to right): Colton, Lydia, and Taylor



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Taylor and Lydia lying on the floor and making faces at each other

Note: SiowFong took all of these pictures except DSC_0018 on October 27, 2007 at the Old Country Buffet restaurant in Shoreline, WA.

Fall Foliage Photos

October 28, 2007

Fall Foliage Photos

After church, we went to the Canyon Park Business Center in Bothell at 11:30 AM to take fall foliage pictures of Lydia and our family. Clouds dominated much of the sky, therefore allowing pockets of sunlight to shine through the few patches of open sky; as a result, the weather was perfect for people pictures because of the even illumination that resulted in very soft shadows and no hot spots.

Because SiowFong was familiar with the location as her commute takes her to this area twice a week, she selected two good spots. The first site was a grassy embankment that gently sloped upwards towards the road where a number of deciduous trees beside the road were at their full autumn glory. The sun partially broke through the clouds, and its rays lit some of the leaves of these trees. At this location, SiowFong and I made pictures of Lydia where she patiently stood for about twenty minutes with the partially backlit trees in the background. The second site further down the road was a grassy area that was completely covered with a carpet of red leaves where we took some family portraits. At 12:30 PM, we were done, and we headed home for lunch.

Photos: Jiangxi Girls Play

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(left to right): Chelsya Cochran, Mina Rothaus, and Lydia
Doesn't Lydia look excited?

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Lydia is observing Chelsya's graceful gait.



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(left to right): Chelsya, Mina, and Lydia


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Lydia and Leila Bhagwandin, both of whom have serious expressions on their faces
Note: SiowFong took all of these pictures on October 27, 2007 at the Old Country Buffet restaurant in Shoreline, WA.
Photo note: SiowFong was either squatting or sitting on the floor for these images, and because she was positioned so that the camera's height was very similar to the children's height, these images convey a lot of intimacy and drama.

Living Beyond Myself

October 28, 2007

Living Beyond Myself

Pastor Bob’s current series of messages called “Living Beyond Myself” that focuses on the importance of service in the Christian life. After the church service today, he invited everybody to visit the folding tables that were assembled in the periphery of the sanctuary and in the foyer where they could see and learn more about the diverse ministries of the church.

Speaking of service, one aspect of Lydia’s personality for which SiowFong and I are grateful to God is Lydia’s desire to assist others. At home, we have noticed a number of recurrent examples. For instance, after SiowFong or I have finished filling the dishwasher’s racks with cleaned and rinsed plates, bowls, cups, and flatware, Lydia begins to lift the dishwasher’s door to try to close it. In the kitchen we have three rugs, and if Lydia sees that a corner of a rug is out of place, she will fix it. In addition, if Lydia sees that we are not wearing our slippers, she will bring them to us. Finally, when I am transferring the paper trash from the wastebasket in the closet to a 20-gallon trash bag, Lydia will stop whatever she is doing to assist me. At her day care facility, Abida, her teacher, has commented to SiowFong that of the six or seven children in her class, she is the one who helps to clean up after play time concludes.

SiowFong and I hope that as the years go by, Lydia will continue to help not only her family and friends but also many other people who need her assistance.

Photos: Jiangxi Girls and Moms

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(first row: left to right) --> Lydia, Mina Rothaus, Leila Bhagwandin, and Chelsya Cochran
(second row: left to right) --> SiowFong, Brenda Rothaus, Sarah Bhagwandin, Nella Cochran

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(left to right) --> Lydia, SiowFong, Mina, Brenda, Leila, Sarah, Nella, and Chelsya


Note: All these pictures were taken using a tripod-mounted camera with the flash bounced off the ceiling on October 27, 2007 at the Old Country Buffet in Shoreline, WA.

China Day

October 27, 2007

China Day

Earlier this morning, SiowFong remarked that today was “China Day” because we had two social events involving Chinese children. The first was lunch with the Bertucci family, and the second was dinner with the other three families in New Hope’s Group 07-07 that had traveled to China with us to finalize the adoptions of their children (the Bhagwandin, Cochran, and Rothaus families).

Because of everyone’s different schedules and routines, gathering everybody together required advance planning. About two and a half months ago SiowFong emailed the other families to organize this gathering, which would be the fourth time this year that everyone had met after returning home from China. Because our home cannot accommodate sixteen people for a meal, we were forced to consider alternative sites. Finally we decided on our local Old Country Buffet restaurant because it has a private dining room that can seat thirty people, and our close octogenarian friends who patronize that establishment on an almost daily basis, Al and Florence Crane, reserved the room for us after our group finalized a date.

When we arrived at the restaurant tonight at 4:30 PM, the Rothaus clan was already there and beginning their meal. Next to arrive were the Cranes, our special guests because they had not only reserved the room for us but also are Lydia’s honorary grandparents. About ten to fifteen minutes after our arrival, the Cochrans came, and around 5:30 PM, the Bhagwandins showed up without Sam because he was attending a Halloween party tonight. While the adults ate and talked, the children ate and played. Everyone had a great time, and around 7:30 PM, we parted company, but we are planning to meet again in January 2008.

Photos: Lydia and the Bertucci Family


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Lily Bertucci (5 years of age) and Lydia are playing with the alphabet board puzzle.
Photographer: SiowFong

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Tom Bertucci is reading Jamberry, one of Lydia's favorite board books that is authored by Bruce Degen, to Lydia as she sits on his lap with her beloved Tigger the Tiger on her lap.

Photographer: SiowFong

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Rosalie Miller is reading I'd Be Your Princess, a board book written by Kathryn O'Brien, to Lydia and Lily.
Note: All these photos were taken on October 27, 2007 in the living room of our home.

Friends Through Adoption

October 27, 2007


Friends Through Adoption

C. S. Lewis, the renowned Oxford professor who wrote Mere Christianity and the author of The Four Loves, once said, “True friends. . .face in the same direction, toward common projects, interests, goals.”

One benefit of going through the process of adopting a child is meeting new friends as that journey unfolds. Rosalie Miller, one of my former colleagues, introduced herself to me at a staff meeting over two years ago when she learned that I was adopting a child from China. She explained that she and Tom Bertucci, her husband, had adopted Lily, their daughter who was born in China, when she was 14 months of age through Journeys of the Heart, a Hillsboro, Oregon based nonprofit adoption agency.

Today we had the pleasure of seeing Rosalie, Tom, and Lily, who is now 5 years old, at our home as they came for lunch. They also brought some nice gifts for Lydia, including a set of three touchable, counting board books (Five Little Ladybugs, Five Silly Monkeys, and Five Wishing Stars) and a T-shirt.

During lunch, they shared with us their adoption, post-adoption, and parenting experiences. Lily brought some of her toys in a rolling pink backpack that she shared with Lydia. As 3:00 PM approached, Lydia, who had not taken a morning nap, was tired, so she went to sleep in her room, and about a half hour later, it was time for the Bertucci family to go home. The three and a half hours went by fast.

Photos: Putting Mama's Socks

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Lydia is laughing while she is trying to place mommy's sock on mommy's right foot.

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Lydia is still trying to figure out the process.


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Lydia has made some progress.
Note: These three consecutive photos were taken on September 19, 2007 in the living room of our home.

Monday, October 29, 2007

500th Update

October 27, 2007


500th Update

Quinientos (Spanish) and cinq cent (French) both mean five hundred, and this posting marks the 500th update of Lydia’s blog. We are somewhat surprised that we have reached this point already.

For those of you who are interested in numbers, here are a few ways to look at the postings. Ten date back to December 2006, and the other 490 belong to 2007. With respect to content, so far we have uploaded 285 text postings and 215 sets of photos, so text comprise 57 % of the updates while 43 % are posts are images. With each set of photos averaging four images, Lydia’s blog therefore contains about 860 pictures.

It has been a joy for SiowFong and me to share the news of Lydia with you – our family and friends.

As relatively new parents, we have truly experienced what the psalmist described in Psalm 127:3-5:

“Behold, children are a heritage from the Lord, the fruit of the womb a reward. Like arrows in the hand of a warrior are the children of one’s youth. Blessed [which means happy] is the man who fills his quiver with them!”

Time Off

October 26, 2007


Time Off

One of the few magazines that SiowFong subscribes to and enjoys reading is National Geographic Traveler. The November / December 2007 issue came in the mail this afternoon, and as Lydia was napping, I read a very interesting article called “Vacation Deficit Disorder”.

The author’s main point in that column was to illustrate the disparities between various developed countries with respect to how much leave employees in those nations must receive by law. Below is a chart from the Center for Economic and Policy Research showing the differences:

Number of Paid Vacation Days and Holidays Mandated by Various Governments

Vacation, Holidays

Australia: 20, 7
Canada: 10, 8
Denmark: 25, 9
Finland: 25, 9
France: 30, 1
Germany: 24, 10
Ireland: 20, 9
Italy: 20, 13
Japan: 10, 0
Netherlands: 20, 0
New Zealand: 20, 7
Norway: 25, 2
Portugal: 22, 13
Spain: 22, 12
Sweden: 25, 0
United Kingdom: 20, 0
United States: 0, 0


Here are a few key excerpts from that article:

“On average, private-sector workers in the US get nine paid vacation days and six holidays a year. . .Amazingly, one in four Americans has no paid leave or holidays at all. . .The US is the only industrialized country that doesn’t guarantee time off to its workers, according to a new study by the Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR), a think tank based in Washington DC. . .

Why do Americans have such trouble lifting their noses off the grindstone? It’s a cultural thing, [Joe] Robinson [a work / life balance trainer and author of Work to Live] explains. . .’Americans create the self through their jobs. Many people move a lot, so the job becomes the constant identity, even though it’s a bogus one.’ Meanwhile, studies show that the pursuit of happiness is actually to be found in play, rather than work. Studies consistently show the more active your leisure life is, the higher your life satisfaction.

The consequences of overwork are costly. The American Institute of Stress estimates that burnout ends up costing the US some $ 300 billion a year in medical expenses, absenteeism, and associated costs. . .

Meanwhile, family life may be suffering too. Bill Doherty, a professor of family social sciences at the University of Minnesotta, says that vacations are key to family life. ‘They profoundly define childhood memories of family life. Families have the most fun and sometimes the most connection during vacations.’”

(Source: Margaret Loftus. “Vacation Deficit Disorder”. National Geographic Traveler. Volume 24; Number 8. November / December 2007. Pages 22, 24, and 27.)

Photos: Lydia, Aunt Linda, and Uncle Clay

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Uncle Clay is playing with Lydia and has said something that caused Lydia to burst out laughing
Note that Lydia is holding her cherished buddy, her Tigger the Tiger, in her left hand
Living room of our home
Photographer: SiowFong

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While sitting in her highchair, Lydia is drawing with some crayons with aunt Linda's help

Note again that Tigger the Tiger is right beside Lydia.

Dining room of our home

Photographer: SiowFong




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Lydia trying to fit a puzzle piece into her ABC puzzle while her aunt Linda observes

Living room of our home




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Uncle Clay, Lydia, and dad

Arnie's seafood restaurant in Edmonds, WA

Photographer: SiowFong


Note: All these pictures were taken on October 20, 2007

Margin, Part 2

October 26, 2007


Margin, Part 2

Today, a Friday, is one of those days that contributes to margin in my life. After some time at home this morning, Lydia and I went on various errands, including a stop at a local Borders bookshop. Before noon, we completed our grocery shopping for the weekend as we visited Ranch 99 and Costco to prepare for guests who are coming to our home for lunch tomorrow. After lunch at home, I read to Lydia and played with her before her 2 and a half hour long nap in the mid-afternoon, during which I also slept for thirty minutes. By the time SiowFong returned home shortly before 6:00 PM, dinner was ready.

Years ago, I remember someone uttering this sentence that I have not forgotten: “Making a living is not the same thing as making a life.”

With that in mind, below is the second part of a book review of Margin from Louis Whitworth:

“Building Margin into our Lives

Of all the areas in which we need margin, having adequate emotional energy is the most important because with emotional margin one can work to gain the other margins.

The amount of emotional energy we have is finite and must not be squandered. Though it is difficult to measure and quantify we must not be embarrassed to admit to ourselves or to others when our emotional reservoir is low. Then we need to replenish our emotional reserves for the good of others and ourselves.

Restoring emotional margin is aided by cultivating our social and family support network. Serving others or doing volunteer work is proven to enhance and lengthen life. Extending forgiveness and reconciling relationships can stop the negative drain on our emotional stores. Cultivating a spirit of gratitude, a hopeful outlook, and love for God and our fellow human beings is energizing, whereas their opposites are negative and debilitating. Finally, establishing appropriate limits and boundaries will help in maintaining emotional reserves.

Dr. Swenson's recommendations for gaining a margin in physical energy are fairly routine to the knowledgeable reader, but he puts particular stress on the need for the need for rest and sleep.

The need for correction is clear since America has now become a 24-hour society: many of our cities never sleep and many businesses never close. People of all types, college students, policemen, nurses, taxi drivers, shift workers, and mothers of young children, may go long periods without a good night's sleep. Such people push (or are pushed) to their limits during the day and push on into or through the night. Sleep disorders plague more than 50 million of us; in fact, sleep deprivation "has become one of the most pervasive problems facing the U.S." Unfortunately the ability to go without sleep is sometimes a matter of pride for some, but sleep and rest are God's ideas, and we should not be ashamed of our need for both.

The author gives several helpful suggestions on making sleep more natural and effective.

Dr. Swenson strongly stresses the need for all types of physical exercise, but says that aerobic exercise for the heart "will do more to establish margin in physical energy" than anything else. He endorses exercise not only for its physical benefits but also for its emotional and mental benefits.

When the subject turns to time the author writes, "The spontaneous flow of progress is to consume more of our time, not less . . . to consume more of our margin, not less." He adds that for "every hour progress saves by organizing and technologizing our time, it consumes two more hours through the consequences, direct or indirect, of this activity."

Clearly time becomes a problem for a society like ours. Some the author's suggestions for countering the time crunch are countercultural and tough to implement, but then continuing on in the same direction most of us are going is difficult as well. He suggests practicing saying "No," turning off the television, practicing simplicity, and getting less done but doing the right things. Many of us need to make some thoughtful and hard choices.

The author's suggestions for gaining a margin in time are preceded with a reminder that of the ten top stressors of family life, four have to do with insufficient time: insufficient couple time, "me" time, family play time, and overscheduled family calendars.

Why do we need to prune our time wasters? Because time is for people and relationships, subjects very dear to God.


A Plan of Action

There are many ways we can spend our time. We could follow the "Excellence" gurus and pour all our energy into one part of our lives. We would probably have no extra margin since other parts of our lives had been sacrificed and in a condition of "negative excellence."

At some point, all things being equal, we would become quite accomplished in a given area. The end result, however, might be similar to having one magnificiently developed right arm attached to puny, stooped shoulders, a scrawny left arm, and skinny, weak legs. This is like the person who is a powerhouse in his professional life and a dwarf in his relationships.

Dr. Richard Swenson suggests a different way in his book Margin. He suggests an approach to life that neglects no important area. He suggests being willing to sacrifice excellence in one or two areas in order that no area be in a condition of negative excellence. This would be similar to the athlete who is toned and conditioned all over, but not overly developed in any one area.
A similar balance in our lives will increase our emotional margin because we and and our families will be happier.

Simplicity has much to offer harried twentieth-century man. But it isn't easy. It takes effort to discard the superfluous and concentrate on the core elements of life. There has always been an attraction to simplicity; the difficulty has been in achieving it. The simple life the author calls us to is not so much to escape modern life as to transcend it.

Envy is the enemy of contentment and form of self-inflicted torture. Yet because envy is the chief ingredient of advertising and the mainspring of political and social movements, it is difficult for many to see its destructiveness. We need to follow Paul who learned contentment in whatever circumstance he found himself (Phil. 4:11-12; 1 Tim. 6:6-10). The practice of contentment brings margin into our lives.

The pain that progress has brought us is mostly in the area of our emotions, our relationships, and our spiritual natures. What are some additional steps start dealing with the pain and achieving some margin?

First, thank God for the pain. The pain pointed out that something is wrong.

Second, repent in a way that leads to permanent, tangible change.

Third, prune activities and habits that waste time, sap energy, and stifle relationships.

Fourth, cooperate with God. Bathe plans in prayer and leave wiggle room for yourself, your family, and people God may send your way.

Fifth, live one day a time. Make plans, but don't worry about the future or be excessively caught up in it (Matt. 6:25-34). Swenson says we need to keep in mind what he calls God's report card.

The only category on it will be "Relationships" and under it will be three questions:

How did we relate to God?

How did we relate to ourselves?

How did we relate to others?

The road to health and blessing in the path of relationship. Love and relationships are hard work, and sometimes costly because superfluous, unimportant things may need to be put aside, but the payoff is happiness, contentment, peace, and margin. I hope some of the things we have shared in this essay turn you from the path of overload and start you down the path of margin.”

(Source: Louis Whitworth. “Margin: Space Between Ourselves and Our Limits”. Probe. 1995)

Photos: Alderbrook Swim Alone

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One of Lydia's favorite activities in the water is to splash it around

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Does the word "fun" come to mind when you see this image of Lydia?



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What a dynamic image of Lydia that SiowFong made !


Notes: SiowFong took all of these photos on October 13, 2007 around the hot tub area at the Alderwood Resort located on 10 Alderbrook Drive in Union, Washington.

Even though Lydia appears in these photos as if she were swimming alone and completely unattended, that was certainly not the case as I was nearby and holding onto or supporting her body all the time that we were in the water.

Margin, Part 1

October 25, 2007


Margin, Part 1

Over the last ten months when people have asked me how I have been doing as a new parent, I respond that I am doing well. Then I explain that one major reason is that I have margin in my life because I work only three days each week (Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays), spend ample time with Lydia on Wednesdays and Fridays, and have plenty of time to devote to other matters of family life.

I first learned the deeper meaning of the word “margin” about ten years ago when I read a book entitled Margin: How to Create the Emotional, Physical, Financial, and Time Reserves You Need. Authored by Dr. Richard Swenson, a family physician who had worked both as a professor at a medical school and as a private practitioner, this book left a lasting influence on my life.

The following is the first part of a book review of Margin from Louis Whitworth:

“The Problem with Progress

Until very recently most Americans had a blind faith in progress; we acknowledged that modern life brought problems but considered that such were inevitable and could be dealt with and eventually overcome. Over the past few years, however, discerning people have begun to ask, "What went wrong? With all the advancements we have made, life should be better. Instead, many aspects of our lives are worse than they were just a few years ago. What happened?"

In this essay we are looking at a very important book by Richard A. Swenson, a medical doctor. The book is Margin: How to Create the Emotional, Physical, Financial, and Time Reserves You Need. Dr. Swenson's thesis is that though scientific progress benefits us in numerous ways, it also brings with it inevitable pains that must be ruthlessly resisted if one is to live a balanced life, and especially a life that reflects Christian values/virtues.

Margin is "the space that once existed between ourselves and our limits." When we reach the limits of our resources and abilities, we are out of margin. Progress, contrary to our expectations, is like Pacman; it incessantly eats up margin. Progress and margin are often opposing forces. . .

Examples abound of life without natural boundaries. Once it was a given that the night was for sleeping, and the day was for work. Now a hundred years after the electric light bulb, whole cities never sleep. Sunday was once a day of rest; nearly everyone had one day off from work. Now the boundaries between work and play and home and the office are so confused some people can never relax or let down. A few years back we might have known someone who had borne a child out of wedlock, been divorced, had emotional problems, or gone bankrupt, but today we are in an epidemic of such problems. . .

We have benefited from progress in two main areas. First, we have seen positive gains in medicine, technology, and in our standard of living and material well being. Second, our intellectual and educational opportunities have expanded enormously, and knowledge and information are increasing with unimagined speed.

The pain that progress has brought us is evident in three areas. First, we have lost ground in the social sphere as pressures have increased on all relationships: family, friendships, neighborhoods, community spirit, and church life. Second, we are often emotionally drained, stressed, angry, isolated, and frequently unfulfilled and don't know what to do about these problems. Third, we are spiritually weakened by the pace of life, the lack of community, lack of time and energy to cultivate our relationship with God and with our fellow man. This, Dr. Swenson says, is the price we have paid for progress.


The Problem of Stress

Because of the unprecedented level of problems today people live with very high levels of stress. Stress is "the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it." Note that stress is not the circumstance but the response to the circumstance.

We normally think of such a crisis as the "fight or flight" reaction which pumps adrenaline into our system, makes us stronger and more alert, etc. If these responses are occasional there is little harm done, but if triggered too often or if "stuck" in a constant state of anger, rage, anxiety, fear, or frustration, we begin to overdose on our own adrenaline. This can bring about irreversible damage to the body and set it up for heart attack, stroke, cancer, etc.

Our stress levels are unprecedented. One reason is that most of us today experience constant mental strain without the offsetting benefits of strenuous physical work. When, for example, the commercial property deal we've worked on for months falls through, or the accounts don't balance, or the computer just won't cooperate, there is no place to run and no one to hit. We just have to try again. The physical laborer, even if he has some mental strain, still has the labor to drain off his adrenaline, and he usually has the ability to think about other things occasionally as he works.

Closely related to stress is overload; in fact, overload is a primary cause of stress. Our culture adds detail on top of detail; one more choice, one more option, one more change, and the details never end. "We must now deal with more 'things per person' than at any other time in history. Yet one can comfortably handle only so many details in his or her life. Exceeding this threshold will result in disorganization or frustration. . . . The problem is not in the 'details.' The problem is in the 'exceeding.' This is called overloading."

The facts are that there are physical limits and man has performance limits, emotional limits, and mental limits. The work load a twenty-five year old athletic, single man can carry may differ greatly from the load a fifty-five year old man can carry if the latter has two teenage children and two children in college, dependent parents, and a wife in menopause. When such overload occurs, the person may experience anxiety, have a physical or nervous breakdown, exhibit hostility, slip into depression, or become bitter and resentful.

We are overloaded with activities, change, choices, commitments, competition, debt, decisions, education, expectations, fatigue, hurry, information, media, ministry, noise, people, pollution, possessions, problems, technology, traffic, waste, and work.

So why do we overload? First, we are usually unaware of our overload until it's too late. Second, some people are too conscientious. Third, others get overloaded because their bosses are driven people who overload their employees. Generally people don't intend to go down the path to overload; they just think that "one more thing won't hurt." But if they are at or near overload, it will hurt.

As the author says, learning "to accept the finality and non- negotiability of the twenty-four hour day" will help us avoid overload and excessive stress.”

(Source: Louis Whitworth. “Margin: Space Between Ourselves and Our Limits”. Probe. 1995)